Wearable electrochemical biosensors in North America

Tremendous research and commercialization efforts around the world are focused on developing novel wearable electrochemical biosensors that can noninvasively and continuously screen for biochemical markers in body fluids for the prognosis, diagnosis and management of diseases, as well as the monitoring of fitness. Researchers in North America are leading the development of innovative wearable platforms that can comfortably comply to the human body and efficiently sample fluids such as sweat, interstitial fluids, tear and saliva for the electrochemical detection of biomarkers through various sensing approaches such as potentiometric ion selective electrodes and amperometric enzymatic sensors. We start this review with a historical timeline overviewing the major milestones in the development of wearable electrochemical sensors by North American institutions. We then describe how such research efforts have led to pioneering developments and are driving the advancement and commercialization of wearable electrochemical sensors: from minimally invasive continuous glucose monitors for chronic disease management to non-invasive sweat electrolyte sensors for dehydration monitoring in fitness applications. While many countries across the globe have contributed significantly to this rapidly emerging field, their contributions are beyond the scope of this review. Furthermore, we share our perspective on the promising future of wearable electrochemical sensors in applications spanning from remote and personalized healthcare to wellness

Enzymatic/Immunoassay Dual-Biomarker Sensing Chip: Towards Decentralized Insulin/Glucose Detection

WOS: 000471976400042PubMed ID: 30868724Performing bioassay formats based on enzyme and antibody recognition reactions with a single detection chip remains an unmet challenge owing to the different requirements of such bioassays. Herein, we describe a dual-marker biosensor chip, integrating enzyme and antibody-based assays for simultaneous electrochemical measurements of insulin (I) and glucose (G). Simultaneous G/I sensing has been realized by addressing key fabrication and operational challenges associated with the different assay requirements and surface chemistry. The I immunosensor relies on a peroxidase-labeled sandwich immunoassay, while G is monitored through reaction with glucose oxidase. The dual diabetes biomarker chip offers selective and reproducible detection of picomolar I and millimolar G concentrations in a single microliter sample droplet within less than 30min, including direct measurements in whole blood and saliva samples. The resulting integrated enzymatic-immunoassay biosensor chip opens a new realm in point-of-care multiplexed biomarker detection.LeonaM. and HarryB. Helmsley Charitable Trust [2018PG-TI0061]; Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); Spanish Ministry of EconomyThis work is supported by The LeonaM. and HarryB. Helmsley Charitable Trust (Grant number (2018PG-TI0061). E.E and E.S.T acknowledge support from the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council (TUBITAK) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, respectively

Non‐Invasive Sweat‐Based Tracking of L‐Dopa Pharmacokinetic Profiles Following an Oral Tablet Administration

Levodopa (L-Dopa) is the "gold-standard" medication for symptomatic therapy of Parkinson disease (PD). However, L-Dopa long-term use is associated with the development of motor and non-motor complications, primarily due to its fluctuating plasma levels in combination with the disease progression. Herein, we present the first example of individualized therapeutic drug monitoring for subjects upon intake of standard L-Dopa oral pill, centered on dynamic tracking of the drug concentration in naturally secreted fingertip sweat. The touch-based non-invasive detection method relies on instantaneous collection of fingertip sweat on a highly permeable hydrogel that transports the sweat to a biocatalytic tyrosinase-modified electrode, where sweat L-Dopa is measured by reduction of the dopaquinone enzymatic product. Personalized dose-response relationship is demonstrated within a group of human subjects, along with close pharmacokinetic correlation between the finger touch-based fingertip sweat and capillary blood samples

Correction to “Microneedle Aptamer-Based Sensors for Continuous, Real-Time Therapeutic Drug Monitoring”

Correction to “Microneedle Aptamer-Based Sensors for Continuous, Real-Time Therapeutic Drug Monitoring